Method and/or Apparatus for Location Privacy Via Uniform Resource Identifier Provisioning

ABSTRACT

The subject matter disclosed herein relates in one particular implementation to a method, apparatus, and/or system for transmitting, by a location server, a location identifier to a mobile device. The location identifier may be transmitted from the mobile device to one or more trusted entities. Access to a location estimate of the mobile device may be selectively authorized at least partially in response to a request received at the mobile device from the location server including the location identifier.

CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority to provisional patent application Ser.Nos. 61/440,263, entitled “Location URI Provision by SUPL,” which wasfiled on Feb. 7, 2011; 61/451,061, entitled “Method and Apparatus forLocation URI Provision by SUPL”, which was filed on Mar. 9, 2011; and61/527,794, entitled “Location URI Provision by SUPL,” which was filedon Aug. 26, 2011.

BACKGROUND

1. Field

The subject matter disclosed herein relates to a method, apparatus,and/or system for supporting location privacy via provisioning of alocation Uniform Resource Identifier (URI).

2. Information

The Secure User Plane Location (SUPL) specifications produced by theOpen Mobile Alliance (OMA) enable a client application, e.g., a SUPLAgent, to obtain a geographic location of a wireless terminal, e.g., aSUPL Enabled Terminal (SET). SUPL specifications also enable a SET toobtain its own location and the locations of other SETs and to transferits location to a selected SUPL Agent.

An external client may comprise a SUPL Agent. A SUPL Agent mayindirectly acquire a location of a SET from the SET. For example, toacquire a geographic location of a SET, a SUPL Agent may transmit amessage to a SUPL Location Platform (SLP) requesting the geographiclocation. After receiving a message from a SUPL Agent, an SLP mayinitiate a SUPL session with a SET to acquire a geographic location fromthe SET, which may subsequently be transmitted from the SLP to the SUPLAgent. There may be a plurality of different SUPL Agents capable ofcommunicating with an SLP to request a location of a SET. However,privacy concerns may be an issue if a geographic location of a SET istransmitted to certain SUPL Agents. For example, privacy concerns mayarise if a geographic location of a SET is transmitted to atelemarketing company or to a prospective criminal.

SUMMARY

In one particular implementation, a method implemented at a mobilestation, for locating the mobile station, is provided. A locationidentifier may be received from a location server. The locationidentifier may be transmitted to one or more trusted entities. A requestfor a location estimate of the mobile station may be received from thelocation server. The request may comprise the location identifierreceived from the location server. The request for the location estimatemay be selectively authorized based at least in part on the locationidentifier.

In one particular implementation, a mobile station is provided. Atransmitter may be provided that is capable of transmitting messages toone or more trusted entities, the messages comprising a locationidentifier for the mobile station received from a location server. Areceiver may be provided that is capable of receiving messagescomprising a request for a location estimate of the mobile stationtransmitted from the location server, where the request comprises thelocation identifier. A processor may selectively authorize the requestfor the location estimate based at least in part on the locationidentifier.

In one particular implementation, a mobile station is provided. Themobile station may comprise (a) means for receiving a locationidentifier from a location server; (b) means for transmitting thelocation identifier to one or more trusted entities; (c) means forreceiving a request for a location estimate of the mobile stationtransmitted from the location server, the request comprising thelocation identifier received from the location server; and (d) means forselectively authorizing the request for the location estimate based atleast in part on the location identifier.

In one particular implementation, an article is provided that comprisesa non-transitory storage medium having machine-readable instructionsstored thereon which are executable by a special purpose computingapparatus to: (a) process a received location identifier provisioned ata location server; (b) initiate transmission of the location identifierto one or more trusted entities; and (c) process a received request fora location estimate of a mobile station, the request comprising thelocation identifier received from the location server; and (d)selectively authorize the request for the location estimate based atleast in part on the location identifier.

In one particular implementation, a method is provided that may beimplemented at a location server. A location identifier for a mobilestation may be transmitted from the location server to the mobilestation. A message comprising the location identifier and requesting alocation of the mobile station may be received from an external entity.The message may comprise the location identifier. The request for thelocation estimate may be selectively authorized based at least in parton the location identifier.

In one particular implementation, a location server is provided. Atransmitter may be provided that is capable of transmitting one or moremessages comprising a location identifier for a mobile station to themobile station. A receiver may be provided that is capable of receivingone or more messages comprising a request for a location estimate of themobile station from an external entity, where the request comprises thelocation identifier. A computing platform may be provided that iscapable of selectively authorizing the request for the location estimatebased at least in part on the location identifier.

In one particular implementation, a location server is provided. Thelocation server may comprise (a) means for transmitting one or moremessages comprising a location identifier for a mobile station to themobile station; (b) means for receiving one or more messages comprisinga request for a location estimate of the mobile station from an externalentity, the request comprising the location identifier; and (c) meansfor selectively authorizing the request for the location estimate basedat least in part on the location identifier.

In one particular implementation, an article is provided that comprisesa non-transitory storage medium having machine-readable instructionsstored thereon which are executable by a special purpose computingapparatus to: (a) initiate transmission of a location identifier for amobile station from a location server to the mobile station; (b) processa received request for a location estimate of the mobile station from anexternal entity, the request comprising the location identifier; and (c)selectively authorize the request for the location estimate based atleast in part on the location identifier.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a communication system supporting an exchange ofSUPL messages according to one implementation.

FIG. 2A is a flowchart of a process for provisioning a location URIaccording to one implementation.

FIG. 2B is a schematic diagram of a system and corresponding messageflow for provisioning a location URI according to one implementation.

FIG. 3A is a flowchart of a process for provisioning a location URIaccording to one implementation.

FIG. 3B is a schematic diagram of a system and corresponding messageflow for provisioning a location URI according to one implementation.

FIG. 4 is a message flow diagram illustrating example message flowsrelating to an SLP-initiated request for a location estimate for a SETwhere a location URI is included in a SUPL INIT message in accordancewith one particular implementation.

FIG. 5 is a message flow diagram chart illustrating example messageflows relating to a SET-initiated location URI request in accordancewith one particular implementation.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a SET according to a particularimplementation.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an H-SLP according to one particularimplementation.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Mobile devices, such as mobile phones, notebook, computers, etc., mayhave an ability to estimate location and/or position with a relativelyhigh degree of precision using any one of several technologies such as,for example, satellite positioning systems (e.g., GPS, Galileo, Glonassand the like), or advanced forward trilateration (AFLT), just to name afew examples. Location or position estimation techniques may includeprocessing of measurements which are based at least in part on signalsacquired at or by a receiver of a mobile device. For example, a mobiledevice may acquire satellite positioning system (SPS) signals or pilotsignals transmitted from a terrestrial base station. Various measuredcharacteristics of acquired signals such as phase, signal strength, timeof arrival and/or round trip delay may be utilized to compute a positionor location fix of a mobile device.

A “location” as referred to herein may refer to information associatedwith a whereabouts of an object or thing according to a point ofreference. Location may also be referred to as a location estimate,position or position estimate—these terms being used synonymouslyherein. Here, for example, a location may be represented as geographiccoordinates such as latitude and longitude. Alternatively, such alocation may be represented as a street address, municipality or othergovernmental jurisdiction, postal zip code and/or the like. However,these are merely examples of how a location may be represented accordingto particular embodiments and claimed subject matter is not limited inthese respects. A SUPL Enabled Terminal (SET) may estimate its locationbased at least in part on navigation signals from a SatellitePositioning System (SPS), such as GPS, Galileo or Glonass by, forexample, correlating pseudorange measurements from several (e.g., fouror more) satellite transmitters. Alternatively, such a location may beestimated from a hybrid system in which a position of a cell basedtransceiver is determined from a combination of at least: i) a timemeasurement that represents a time of travel of a message in the cellbased communication signals between the cell based transceiver and acommunication system; and, ii) a time measurement that represents a timeof travel of an SPS signal.

In a particular implementation, User Plane (UP) positioning such as SUPL(Secure User Plane Location) as set forth by the Open Mobile Alliance(OMA) in publicly available documents (e.g., in specificationOMA-TS-ULP-V2_(—)0 for SUPL version 2.0 and OMA-TS-ULP-V3_(—)0 for SUPLversion 3.0) may provide a framework within which position estimatesobtained at a mobile device or at a separate location server (e.g., aSUPL Location Platform (SLP)) may be made available to other entities.Making position estimates available to other entities may be useful inparticular applications such as, for example, providing emergencyservices or locating a user on behalf of another client user. However,particular security and privacy policies may suggest controllingdissemination of location estimates and limiting access of same toparticular parties.

Location services based on the location of mobile devices are becomingincreasingly widespread. In one implementation, Secure User PlaneLocation (SUPL) may employ techniques to transfer location informationand/or position information. SUPL may be utilized to transfer locationinformation that may be used to compute a target SET's location.

SUPL is one example of a standardized location solution for mobiledevices that relies on a location server (in this case an SLP)interacting (in this case by user plane signaling using TCP/IP) with amobile device (in this case referred to as a SET). Location can becomputed in SUPL either (i) in the SLP or (ii) in the SET. In case (i),the SLP may provide assistance data to the SET to help the SET acquireand measure the necessary signals (e.g. GPS or Galileo signals) afterwhich the SET returns measurements to the SLP which can the SLP can useto compute a location estimate. In case (ii), the SLP may provideassistance data to the SET both to assist signal acquisition andmeasurement and to enable computation of a location estimate which canthen be provided to the SLP if the SLP was requesting the SET'slocation. Other standardized location solutions also exist that rely oncontrol plane signaling between a location server and mobile device.With control plane signaling, location related messages are sent overexisting network interfaces along with other network signaling insteadof being sent as part of data traffic as in a user plane solution likeSUPL. Examples of Control Plane location solutions include: the 3GPPsolution for Long Term Evolution (LTE) defined in the 3rd GenerationPartnership Project (3GPP) Technical Specifications (TSs) 23.271 and36.305; the 3GPP Solution for Wideband Code Division Multiple Access(WCDMA) defined in 3GPP TSs 23.271 and 25.305; the 3GPP Solution for theGlobal System for Mobile communications (GSM) defined in 3GPP TSs 23.271and 43.059; and the 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2)solution for Code Division Multiple Access 2000 (cdma2000) defined in3GPP2 TSs C.S0022 and X.S0002.

In both control plane and user plane location solutions, privacy of theuser whose mobile device is being located can be a critical requirement.The normal goal is to make the location of the user readily available toexternal clients (which may comprise human users as well as automatedentities such as servers and the like) for which permission by the usercurrently exists or is provided at the time of a location request andunavailable otherwise. A problem with fulfilling this requirement can beto reliably identify any external client and obtain the consent of theuser with as little inconvenience to the user as possible. Thus, forexample, alerting the user to every single location request that may bemade and waiting for the user to accept or deny the request may be apoor solution since it may in itself be invasive of the user'spreference to avoid excessive interaction with the network.Additionally, location solutions that cannot fully identify an externalclient may cause problems in denying location to an external client whenthe user is actually willing to allow location. These problems maybecome especially significant for external clients known to and trustedby the user but not known to or trusted by the network or by a locationserver. A need therefore exists to improve the handling of locationprivacy.

The method of supporting location privacy is here exemplified for theSUPL location solution although it will be clear to those versed in theart that the solution may be equally applied to other solutions such asthe various 3GPP and 3GPP2 control plane solutions referred to above.

In some SUPL implementations, different external clients, referred to,e.g., as SUPL Agents, may request location estimates for one or moreSETs from an SLP. In some implementations, location request messages maybe received and processed by an SLP, and location estimates forrequested SETs may be transmitted by an SLP to SUPL Agents based atleast partially on known and verified identities of the SUPL Agents anda pre-existing agreement by SET users for allowing location provision tothese SUPL Agents. In other implementations, an SLP may need to interactwith a SET to notify the SET and/or the SET user of the identity (e.g. aname or address) of a SUPL Agent in order to obtain an explicitpermission or denial for providing location. In these implementations,if an identity of a SUPL Agent cannot be fully and reliably obtained orif the SET or the SET user does not respond to a request to allow ordeny the location request, the SLP may either (i) reject the request andthereby potentially deny location to a SUPL Agent that is actuallytrusted by the user, or (ii) allow the request and thereby riskbreaching the privacy of the user. Accordingly, in some implementations,security or privacy may be a concern, e.g., because some individualsassociated with SETs might not want just any SUPL Agent to have anability to acquire location estimates for the SETs. To address privacyand security concerns, one or more implementations as discussed belowmay assign and utilize location uniform resource identifiers (URIs) tocontrol access to or dissemination of location estimates for particularSETs.

A “location Uniform Resource Identifier,” or “location URI,” or“location identifier” as used herein may refer to an identifier capableof identifying a particular entity, such as a mobile device, and a meansfor querying a particular location server for the location of theparticular entity. The terms “location URI” and “location identifier”are used synonymously herein. A location URI may comprise a string ofprintable characters that begins with an identification of the type oflocation URI and a protocol to be used for dereferencing the locationURI. A location URI may also comprise an identity of a location serverfrom which the location can be obtained and an identity of an entity(e.g., a mobile device) whose location is to be obtained. An overallstructure and content of a location URI may conform to the InternetEngineering Task Force (IETF) Request for Comments (RFC) 3986 and RFC5808. The protocol to be used for dereferencing may comprise the SessionInitiation Protocol (SIP) as defined in IETF RFCs 3261 and 3856 or maycomprise an extension of the HTTP-Enabled Location Delivery (HELD)protocol defined in IETF RFC 5985 or some other protocol. An identity ofa location server may comprise an IP address, a fully qualified domainname, or some other network address. An identity of the entity, whichmay comprise a mobile device with respect to one or more embodimentsdiscussed herein, may be provided as a pseudo-random sequence ofcharacters meaningful only to the server in order to hide and protectthe real identity of the mobile device—e.g., from other entities thatmay be able to intercept or otherwise obtain unauthorized access to thelocation URI. A recipient of a location URI may use a protocol indicatedin a location URI to request the location of the mobile deviceidentified in the location URI from the location server identified inthe location URI. This procedure whereby a location URI is used toobtain a location may be referred to or known as “dereferencing” and theprotocol used may be referred to or known as a “dereferencing protocol.”

In an implementation, a location URI may be created or provisioned by alocation server (such as a location server indicated in a location URI)for a specific mobile device (e.g., the mobile device identified in thelocation URI) and transferred to some other entity which may later usethe location URI to query for the location of the mobile device. If theserver receives such a query, it may obtain the location of the mobiledevice—for example, using SUPL—and may return the location to therequesting entity. Security and privacy may subsequently comprise anissue needing to be addressed by the location server and mobile device.

In some implementations, locations URIs may be defined for support bylocation protocols defined by the IETF. However, in suchimplementations, it may not be possible to assign or make use of alocation URI via use of SUPL messaging, such as SUPL 3.0 messaging.

A location URI previously obtained by a SET from a location server(e.g., an SLP) may be transmitted from a SET to a trusted entity so thatthe trusted entity has an ability to subsequently request a locationestimate of the SET. For example, if a location estimate for a SET isonly transmitted or otherwise disseminated to a trusted entity which hasknowledge of location URI, dissemination of a location estimate for theSET may effectively be controlled or limited. A “trusted entity,” asused herein may refer to an entity known to be acceptable or known torespect certain privacy considerations relating to dissemination ofinformation relating to a mobile device, such as a SET. For example, atrusted entity may comprise a particular entity such as an H-SLP, SUPLAgent, or external client known to utilize location estimates for aparticular SET for applications deemed to be acceptable or approved by auser of the SET.

In an example implementation, a trusted entity E1 may comprise an entitytrusted by some entity E2. Entity E2 may transfer information to entityE1 with a high confidence that the information will not be subsequentlytransferred by entity E1 to some other entity E3 not trusted by theentity E2. For example, entity E2 may comprise a SET and entity E1 maycomprise an external client or SUPL Agent. In this example, entity E1may transfer information received from entity E2 to an H-SLP for entityE2 because an H-SLP is typically trusted by a SET. However, entity E2may not transfer information received from entity E1 to some otherexternal client or SUPL Agent not known by entity E1 to be trusted byentity E2 without explicit permission of entity E2, for example.

In one particular implementation on the other hand, as discussed below,a location URI be assigned and utilized via SUPL messaging. A locationURI may provide a reference to a location of some entity such as mobiledevice and which may be obtainable from a particular location serversuch as, e.g., a SUPL SLP. Location URIs may be defined for support bylocation protocols defined by IETF. A mobile device may, for example,comprise a SUPL Enabled Terminal (SET). A location URI may be providedby a location server to a user device or mobile device such as a SET.For example, a location URI may be provided to a user device uponrequest by the user device to the location server and the URI mayidentify the location server, the user device, and the protocol to beused to subsequently query the location server using the location URI toobtain the location of the SET. If the location server is queried withthe location URI, the location server may obtain a current location of areferenced SET or other user devices and return this information to thesender of the query.

A location URI may be assigned by an SLP to a SET using SUPL andsubsequently transferred by the SET to some other client entity trustedby the SET. The client entity may subsequently use the location URI toquery the SLP for the location of the SET. The SLP may not be able toidentify or fully identify the identity of the client entity and/or maynot be able to determine whether location of the SET is to be allowed bythe SET or SET user. Nevertheless, the SLP may assume that because theclient entity provided the location URI previously transferred to theSET, the client entity may be trusted by the SET and/or SET user. Hence,the SLP may instigate a SUPL location session with the SET to obtain theSET's location. The initial SUPL message (e.g., a SUPL INIT message)transferred to the SET by the SLP as part of this session may containthe location URI. In this case, the presence of the location URI (e.g.,matching the location URI previously received from the SLP by the SET)may be used to inform the SET that the location request received fromthe SLP was originated or authorized by the trusted client entity towhich the SET had previously transferred the location URI. The SET mayassume, for example, that because the location URI was transferred tothe trusted client entity and subsequently received in a SUPL locationrequest from the SLP that the trusted client entity must have used thelocation URI to request the SET's location from the SLP. This assumptionmay be reliable if, for example, the location URI was not intercepted byor transferred (e.g., by the SLP or trusted client entity) to some othernon-trusted entity—in other words, if the SLP and trusted client entitybehave in a trusted manner and all communication is secure. The SET maysubsequently permit the location request and may avoid notifying theuser unless the user specifically requests to be notified for thistrusted client entity, for example. This result may support a user'sprivacy requirements, avoid unnecessary solicitation of the user andreliably provide the SET and SET user's location to the trusted cliententity without unnecessary delay.

In one example application, a SET may initiate an emergency call,request a location URI from a local SLP and forward the location URI toa Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP) along with an emergency callestablishment request. The SET may be informed at some later point thatthe PSAP is requesting its location if the local SLP sends the SET thesame location URI in the SUPL INIT message that is used to begin thelocation of the SET.

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a communication system 100 supporting an exchangeof SUPL messages according to one implementation. Communication system100 may include various entities such as a serving network 105, a homenetwork 110 and a mobile device or SET 115. A serving network mayprovide access (e.g., wireless access) to a mobile device such as SET115 and may enable SET 115 to perform communication and/or otherservices (e.g., connect to the Internet and make voice and data calls).A home network may, for example, comprise a network in which a mobiledevice such as SET 115 is registered and in which an associated user hasa subscription for certain services such as an ability to make voice anddata calls, send and receive messages and email and connect to theInternet. A home network may provide access (e.g., wireless access) whena subscribed mobile device such as SET 115 is within its coverage area.One or more satellite vehicles (SVs) 120 may transmit navigation signalswhich may be received by SET 115. It should be appreciated that althoughonly a single SV 120 is shown in FIG. 1, additional SVs, such as four ormore, may be in communication with SET 115 to provide location data andenable signal measurements such as pseudorange measurements.

Serving network 105 may contain or be associated with a Discovered-SLP(D-SLP) 125, a serving core network 130, and an access network 135.D-SLP 125 may provide location services using SUPL for SET 115 in thegeographic area served by serving network 105. For example, D-SLP 125may enable SET 115 to request and receive location assistance data andsupport location requests for SET 115 from external entities. Servingcore network 130 may provide support for communication between SET 115and various other entities including D-SLP 125 and Home Network 110.Access network 135 may provide wireless access and communication for SET115 using a particular wireless technology such as Long Term Evolution(LTE), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), Global System forMobile Communications (GSM), Code division multiple access 2000(cdma2000), WiFi, or WiMax, to name just a few among many examples.Access network 135 may also connect SET 115 to serving core network 130.Access network 135 may comprise one or more base stations, access pointsor other wireless capable devices. Serving core network 130 may compriseMobility Management Entities (MMES), Serving Gateways (SWGs) and Public(or Packet) Data Network Gateways (PDGs) in the case of LTE access orother entities in the case of WCDMA, GSM, cdma2000 etc. access.

Home network 110 may contain or be associated with a Home-SLP (H-SLP)140 for SET 115 and a home core network 145. H-SLP 140 may comprise alocation server normally used by SET 115 to obtain location servicesusing SUPL and may specifically authorize D-SLP 125 to provide locationservices for SET 115 while SET 115 is remote from H-SLP 140 in the areaserved by serving network 105. Home core network 145 may comprise one ormore MME, SWG, and/or PDG in the case of LTE access or other entities inthe case of other types of access. A SUPL Agent 150 may be incommunication with home core network 145 or with serving core network130 (not shown in FIG. 1). In some cases, serving network 105 and homenetwork 110 may comprise same network (not shown in FIG. 1).

In some implementations, location data and signals that may be measuredto derive location may be provided by, for example, terrestrialtransmitters (e.g., base stations or WiFi access points) within accessnetwork 135 of serving network 105 or another electronic device, forexample, in a wireless local area network (WLAN), wireless wide areanetwork (WWAN) and/or wireless personal area network (WPAN).

In some implementations, SET 115 may comprise a device such as, forexample, a laptop computer, a personal digital assistant (PDA), otherlow duty cycle devices, or a mobile phone device, just to name a fewexamples. SET 115 may estimate its location based at least in part onnavigation signals from an SPS, such as GPS, Galileo or Glonass by, forexample, obtaining pseudorange measurements to four or more SVtransmitters. Alternatively, SET 115 may estimate its location based atleast in part on measurement of signals received from terrestrialtransmitters in access network 135 or in other access networks not shownin FIG. 1. SET 115 may also or alternatively utilize internal sensors tocompute its change of location and combine this with measurements of SVsand/or terrestrial transmitters to obtain its location. SET 115 mayadditionally obtain its location based at least partially on othertechniques.

In one implementation, SUPL agent 150 may remotely monitor or track alocation of SET 115. For example, in the event that a user transportingSET 115 is lost, needs to find a certain place (e.g., airport, airportgate, hotel, shopping mall) or experiences a medical emergency andcommunicates with SUPL agent 150 in this regard, the SUPL agent 150 maydesire to acquire a location estimate of SET 115. SUPL agent 150 maycomprise an application program executed by a remote computer, computingdevice, or computing platform. SUPL agent 150 may communicate with H-SLP140 via home core network 145 or with D-SLP 125 via serving core network130. Serving network 105 and home network 110 may comprise hard-wired orwireless networks.

In one implementation, SET 115 may be assigned a location URI from D-SLP125 or some other SLP, such as H-SLP 140, in communication with SET 115.A location URI may subsequently be utilized to request a locationestimate for SET 115. For example, a location URI may be transmitted orotherwise provided by SET 115 to a SUPL Agent 150 or some other entitycapable of monitoring locations of movement of SET 115. To request acurrent or updated location estimate for SET 115, SUPL Agent 150 or someother entity may transmit a location request to an SLP, such as D-SLP125, in communication with SET 115 to acquire a location estimate fromSET 115. In one implementation, for example, a location estimate mayonly be acquired from SET 115 if a location URI assigned to or otherwiseassociated with SET 115 is included in a location request message sentto SET 115. By requiring an entity requesting a location estimate forSET 115 to provide a location URI assigned to or otherwise associatedwith SET 115, the dissemination of a location estimate for SET 115 mayeffectively be controlled to thereby enhance privacy of locationestimates for SET 115 and may enable location requests from trustedentities without unnecessary delay or unnecessary interaction with theuser of SET 115.

FIG. 2A is a flowchart of a process 200 for provisioning a location URIaccording to one implementation. FIG. 2B is a schematic diagram of asystem 250 and corresponding message flow for provisioning a locationURI according to one implementation. System 250 may implement messageflows as discussed herein with respect to FIG. 2A.

A system for implementing process 200 may comprise a SET (e.g., SET 255in FIG. 2B or 115 in FIG. 1), an H-SLP (e.g., H-SLP 140 in FIG. 1), andan external client (e.g., SUPL Agent 150 in FIG. 1), according to aparticular implementation. Implementations in accordance with claimedsubject matter may include all of, less than, or more than operations205-230. Also, the particular order of operations 205-230 is merely anexample order. FIG. 2A illustrates a process for provision of a locationURI by an H-SLP to a SET and use of the location URI by an externalclient at some later time to request and obtain the location of the SET.An external client may include a SUPL Agent, for example.

At operation 205, a SET may request a location URI from an H-SLP. AnH-SLP may assign or otherwise acquire a location URI for a SET and maytransmit the location URI to the SET at operation 210. At operation 215,a SET may transmit its location URI to an external client. The externalclient may be trusted by the SET—e.g., allowed to request and receivethe location of the SET at some later time. A transfer of the locationURI by the SET to the External Client in operation 215 may be performedvia an interaction at an application level. In one exampleimplementation, an emergency call from a SET to a Public SafetyAnswering Port (PSAP) may occur where an External Client is part of thePSAP and the location URI is sent to the PSAP in a SIP INVITE messageused to establish an emergency call. This particular type of locationURI transfer (operation 215) is, for example, supported in a 3GPPMultimedia Subsystem (IMS) Emergency Call solution (e.g., as defined in3GPP TS 23.167 and TS 24.229).

Referring back to FIG. 2A, at operation 220, an external client maytransmit a message containing a location URI for a SET to an H-SLP torequest a location estimate for the SET. The location URI may comprisethe same location URI that was transferred to the external client inoperation 215. Because the location URI was earlier assigned by theH-SLP and transferred to the SET in operation 210, the H-SLP may decideto proceed with the location request even if not able to identify theexternal client or verify that the SET is willing to allow the locationrequest to proceed. Alternatively, the H-SLP may, if it is able to andpossibly in addition to verifying the received location URI, verify theidentity of the external client and its authorization to locate the SET.A SUPL session may be initiated by the H-SLP with the SET at operation225. The first SUPL message transferred by the H-SLP to the SET inoperation 225 (e.g., a SUPL INIT message) may convey the location URIreceived from the external client in operation 220. Because the locationURI received from the H-SLP matches the location URI received earlier bythe SET in operation 210 and transferred to the external client inoperation 215, the SET may decide to allow the location request toproceed and may not necessarily need to notify or wait for permissionfrom the SET user. Alternatively, the SET may, in addition to verifyingthe received location URI, notify the SET user and wait for explicitpermission to allow the location session to proceed and/or may verifythat the external client is configured (e.g. by the SET user) in the SETas being authorized to locate the SET. The SUPL session may subsequentlyproceed in operation 225 with the H-SLP obtaining a location estimatefor the SET. After obtaining a location estimate for the SET, thelocation estimate may be transmitted from the H-SLP to the externalclient in operation 230.

FIG. 2B is a schematic diagram of a system 250 and corresponding messageflow for provisioning a location URI according to one implementation.System 250 may implement message flows as discussed above with respectto FIG. 2A. FIG. 2B illustrates transferred messages and interactionsbetween SET 255, H-SLP 260 and external client or SUPL Agent 265. Eachmessage transfer and its direction are represented by an arrow and eachinteraction is represented by a double arrow as illustrated. Labels forarrows in FIG. 2B summarize messages or interactions and are numberedaccording to one possible sequence of events, although it should beappreciated that events may occur in a different sequence in someimplementations. The operations shown FIG. 2A that corresponds to eachmessage or interaction are also shown in FIG. 2B.

FIG. 3A is a flowchart of a process 300 for provisioning a location URIaccording to one implementation. FIG. 3B is a schematic diagram of asystem 350 and corresponding message flow for provisioning a locationURI according to one implementation. System 350 may implement messageflows as discussed herein with respect to FIG. 3A.

A system for implementing process 300 may comprise a SET (e.g., SET 355in FIG. 3B or SET 115 in FIG. 1), a D-SLP (e.g., D-SLP 360 in FIG. 3B orD-SLP 125 in FIG. 1), an H-SLP (e.g., H-SLP 365 in FIG. 3B or H-SLP 140in FIG. 1), and a SUPL Agent (e.g., SUPL Agent 370 in FIG. 3B or SUPLAgent 150 in FIG. 1), according to a particular implementation.Embodiments in accordance with claimed subject matter may include allof, less than, or more than operations 305-340. Also, the particularorder of operations 305-340 is merely an example order.

At operation 305, a SET may request a location URI from a D-SLP. Forexample, a SET may transmit a message to a D-SLP to request a locationURI. A D-SLP may have an ability to assign or otherwise acquire alocation URI for a SET. At operation 310, a location URI may betransmitted via a message from a D-SLP to a SET. At operation 315, aSUPL Agent may request a location estimate for a particular SET. Forexample, a SUPL Agent may transmit a message to the H-SLP for the SET torequest a location estimate for the SET. In one particularimplementation, a SUPL Agent may transmit a Mobile Location Platform(MLP) message to an H-SLP to request a location estimate for the SET.The H-SLP may verify the identity of the SUPL Agent and itsauthorization to request a location for the SET.

At operation 320, a SUPL session may be initiated between the H-SLP andthe SET in order to obtain the location of the SET. The H-SLP mayidentify the SUPL Agent to the SET to allow the SET or SET user toauthorize the location session. Alternatively, because the SET mayregard the H-SLP as a trusted entity, the SET may allow the locationsession to proceed based on an assumed authorization by the H-SLP.During the SUPL session, the SET may transfer the location URI obtainedfrom the D-SLP in operation 310 to the H-SLP. The SUPL session mayterminate after the H-SLP has received the location URI or after theH-SLP has both received the location URI and obtained a locationestimate for the SET. It should be appreciated that the SET may transmitits location URI to the H-SLP prior to a SUPL Agent requesting alocation of the SET, in which case operation 320 may be omitted.

At operation 325, the H-SLP may transmit a message to a D-SLP to requesta location of the SET. The message may include a parameter or fieldcontaining the location URI, for example. The H-SLP may determine oridentify the D-SLP based at least in part on a location serveridentified by the location URI received in operation 320. The H-SLP maydecide to contact the D-SLP based at least in part on not havingobtained a location estimate or not having obtained an accurate locationestimate in operation 320. For example, if the SET is inside a building,the H-SLP may not have sufficient data on the building, local basestations, and/or WiFi access points to be able to locate or accuratelylocate the SET at operation 320. At operation 330, a SUPL session may beinitiated by the D-SLP with the SET for the D-SLP to obtain a locationestimate from the SET. The first SUPL message transferred by the D-SLPto the SET in operation 330 (e.g., a SUPL INIT message) may convey thelocation URI received from the H-SLP in operation 325, The SET maydecide to allow the location request to proceed and may not necessarilyneed to notify or wait for permission from the SET user if the locationURI received from the D-SLP matches the location URI received earlier bythe SET in operation 310 and which has been transferred to the H-SLP inoperation 320. For example, the SET may associate the location requestfrom the D-SLP in operation 330 with the location request from the H-SLPin operation 320 due to inclusion of the same location URI in bothoperations. Hence, since the SET authorized the location request inoperation 320, it may authorize the location request in operation 330without receiving information on the identity of the SUPL Agent whichthe D-SLP may not possess. The SUPL session may subsequently proceed atoperation 330 with the D-SLP obtaining a location estimate for the SET.After acquiring a location estimate for the SET, for example, the D-SLPmay transmit the location estimate to the H-SLP via a message atoperation 335. The H-SLP may subsequently transmit the acquired locationestimate for the SET to the SUPL Agent at operation 340.

FIG. 3B shows the flow chart of FIG. 3A in terms of transferred messagesand interactions between the SET 355, D-SLP 360, H-SLP 365 and SUPLAgent 370. Each message transfer and its direction are represented by anarrow and each interaction is represented by a double arrow asillustrated. Labels for arrows in FIG. 3B summarize messages orinteractions and are numbered according to one possible sequence ofevents, although it should be appreciated that events may occur in adifferent sequence in some implementations. The operations shown FIG. 3Athat corresponds to each message or interaction are also shown in FIG.3B.

If an H-SLP or some other entity requests a location estimate for aparticular SET but fails to supply the correct location URI to the SETor to the SLP that initially provided the location URI, access to thelocation estimate may be selectively inhibited by the SET or SLP,respectively, to prevent dissemination of the location estimate toentities which do not know the correct location URI and thus may not beentitled to receive the SET's location. In other words, if requestcontains an incorrect location identifier that is different from thelocation identifier previously transmitted to the mobile station, accessto the location estimate may be selectively inhibited to the requestingentity.

In some implementations, an SLP that provides a location URI to a SETmay also provide a time period during which the location URI isconsidered valid. The SET may provide this time period to an externalentity to which the location URI is transferred. If the SLP or SETreceives a location request for the SET comprising the location URI at atime after the time period for the location URI has expired, the SLP orSET, respectively, may reject the location request because the locationURI is no longer valid. An SLP may also provide more than one locationURI to a SET such as, for example, location URIs that referencedifferent dereferencing protocols. The SET may subsequently transfersome or all of the received location URIs to a trusted external entityand may later receive a location request from the SLP containing one ofthese location URIs. The SET may thereafter authorize the locationrequest based at least in part on receiving the one location URI.

There are different types of message flows relating to provisioning of alocation URI and/or acquiring a location estimate of a SET, as discussedfurther below. There are different types of messages which may betransmitted or received in accordance with a SUPL protocol, such as SUPL3.0, for example.

A “SUPL INIT” may comprise a SUPL message to initiate a SUPL sessionthat is transmitted from an SLP, such as an H-SLP, D-SLP, or anEmergency-SLP (E-SLP), for example, to a SET in a network-initiatedinteraction. A “SUPL SET INIT” may comprise a SUPL message to initiate aSUPL session that is transmitted from a SET to an SLP (e.g., an H-SLP orD-SLP) to initiate a location request for another target SET. A “SUPLSTART” may comprise a SUPL message to initiate a SUPL session that istransmitted from a SET to an SLP (e.g., an H-SLP, D-SLP or E-SLP). A“SUPL RESPONSE” may comprise a SUPL message transmitted by an SLP atleast partially in response to receipt of a SUPL START message. A “SUPLPOS INIT” may comprise a SUPL message transmitted by a SET to an SLPafter a SUPL INIT message in a network-initiated SUPL session or a SUPLRESPONSE message in a SET-initiated SUPL session has been received fromthe SLP. A “SUPL POS” may comprise a SUPL message sent by either an SLPor a SET that contains an underlying positioning protocol message (e.g.,for TIA-801 defined in 3GPP2 C.S0022, Radio resource location services(LCS) protocol (RRLP) defined in 3GPP TS 44.031, Radio Resource Control(RRC) defined in 3GPP TS 25.331, or LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)defined in 3GPP TS 36.355). A SUPL POS message may further containadditional information such as velocity. A “SUPL END” may comprise aSUPL message sent by either an SLP or a SET, for example, which ends aSUPL session normally or abnormally.

One or more SUPL messages may include a field or parameter for alocation URI set, for example. A Location URI Set parameter may provideone or more location URIs each of which may comprise a URI, for exampleas defined in IETF RFC 3986, that references a means to obtain thelocation of the SET from a particular location server that initiallycreated the location URI. A location server may comprise a SUPL SLP orsome other type of server and may be identified within the location URI.A dereferencing protocol used to obtain a SET location using thelocation URI (e.g. via a query/response operation) may similarly bedefined within a location URI for example as defined in IETF RFC 3986.Possible examples of a dereferencing protocol include SIPSUBSCRIBE/NOTIFY as defined in IETF RFC 3856 and an extension of theHELD protocol defined in IETF RFC 5985. In creating a Location URI Set,an SLP may, for example, include one location URI for each locationdereferencing protocol that it supports. A Location URI Set parametermay further include a validity period during which each location URI inthe Location URI Set parameter will remain valid.

A Location URI Request parameter may indicate or contain a request froma SET for a location URI from an SLP. A Location URI Request parametermay be utilized in a SUPL message transmitted from a SET to an SLP, suchas an H-SLP or a D-SLP, to indicate a request for a location URI. ALocation URI Request parameter may provide a reason for requesting alocation URI. Possible reasons for requesting a location URI includelocation support for an emergency session or location support for anH-SLP, to name just a couple of possible example reasons. A Location URIRequest parameter may further include a preferred validity period duringwhich any provided location URI will remain valid.

Another parameter which may be utilized in a SUPL message is an ExtendedNotification parameter. An Extended Notification parameter may provideadditional notification information to a SET for a network-initiatedSUPL session from an SLP. For example, an Extended Notificationparameter may comprise a location URI and may indicate that a SETlocation is being obtained by the SLP as a consequence of receiving alocation request containing the location URI. In one particularimplementation, an Extended Notification parameter may be utilized bythe SET to authorize the location request if the same location URI waspreviously transferred to the SET by the SLP and if any validity periodprovided by the SLP to the SET for the location URI has not yet expired.If, for example, a SET has previously forwarded a location URI toanother entity in a secure manner (e.g., to an H-SLP or an external SUPLAgent), the SET may know that its location is being requested by theparticular entity.

FIG. 4 is a message flow diagram 400 illustrating example message flowsrelating to an SLP-initiated request for a location estimate for a SETwhere a location URI is included in a SUPL INIT message in accordancewith one particular implementation.

At operation A, a SUPL Agent (e.g., SUPL Agent 150 as shown in FIG. 1)may transmit a Location Request message to an H-SLP (e.g., H-SLP 140 inFIG. 1) or D-SLP (e.g., D-SLP 125 in FIG. 1) with which the SUPL Agentis associated. A transmitted Location Request may include a location URIto reference a particular SET (e.g., SET 115 shown in FIG. 1) for whichthe location is desired. The SUPL Agent may have previously received theLocation URI from the SET (e.g., as described in FIG. 2A for operation215) and the SET may have previously received the Location URI from theSLP—e.g. as described later for FIG. 5. The H-SLP or D-SLP (denoted asD/H-SLP in FIG. 4) may or may not authenticate the SUPL Agent and may ormay not determine whether the SUPL Agent is authorized for the servicerequested. The D/H-SLP may determine the target SET from the receivedLocation URI—for example from a pseudo-random character string in theLocation URI which the D/H-SLP previously assigned when the Location URIwas first created by the D/H-SLP. The D/H-SLP may further assume thatlocation of the SET is permitted by the SET or SET user based at leastin part on the received Location URI matching the Location URI that waspreviously transferred to the SET (e.g., by an operation not shown inFIG. 4). The D/H-SLP may verify whether the target SET supports SUPL. Ifa previously computed position is available at the D/H-SLP and nonotification and verification is required by the SET, the D/H-SLP maydirectly proceed to operation G. On the other hand, if notification andverification or notification only is or may be required, the messageflow may proceed to operation B.

At operation B, the D/H-SLP may initiate a SUPL location session withthe target SET by sending a SUPL INIT message. A SUPL INIT message maycontain one or more of the following: an intended positioning method(e.g., posMethod), SLP Capabilities (e.g., sLPCapabilities), a Qualityof Positioning (QoP), and the location URI received in operation A. Thelocation URI may be included in an Extended Notification parameter inthe SUPL INIT. If a result of a privacy check in operation A indicatesthat notification and/or verification of the target SET is needed, theD/H-SLP may also include a Notification parameter in the SUPL INITmessage. The D/H-SLP may also compute and store a hash of the SUPL INITmessage prior to transmitting the SUPL INIT message. If in operation A,the D/H-SLP decided to use a previously computed position, the SUPL INITmessage may indicate use of this previously computed position in a “noposition” posMethod parameter value. In the case of using a previouslycomputed position, the SET may respond with a SUPL END messagecomprising the results of any required verification process (e.g.,access granted or access denied) after the SET has inspected theincluded Location URI as described further down for operation C. TheH-SLP may subsequently proceed to step G. Prior to transmitting the SUPLEND message, the SET may perform the data connection setup procedure ofoperation C discussed below and may utilize procedures discussed belowwith respect to operation D to establish a TLS connection to theD/H-SLP.

If a previously computed position is not being used by the H-SLP, thenat operation C, the SET may analyze the received SUPL INIT message. Iffound not to be authentic, a SET may not undertake further action.Otherwise, the SET may perform any required notification andverification, for example. Since a location URI is included by theD/H-SLP in operation B, the SET may verify whether (i) the same locationURI was received earlier from the same D/H-SLP and, if so, whether (ii)any validity period for the location URI has not yet expired and whether(iii) the location URI was transferred by the SET to one or more trustedexternal clients. If all three conditions are satisfied, for example,the SET may assume that the location request being initiated by theD/H-SLP in operation B was instigated by a trusted external client towhich the SET has earlier sent the location URI. Accordingly, the SETmay undertake a required action to prepare for establishment of a TLSconnection with the D/H-SLP. The SET may also calculate a hash of thereceived SUPL INIT message. If one or more of the three conditions arenot satisfied, the SET may reject the location request by returning aSUPL END as described above for operation B and the D/H-SLP may proceedto operation G.

At operation D, the SET may establish a TLS connection to the D/H-SLPusing a D/H-SLP address which may either be an H-SLP address provisionedin the SET by the Home Network for the SET (e.g., home network 110 inFIG. 1) or a D-SLP address provided or verified by the H-SLP or by aProxy D-SLP authorized by the H-SLP, for example.

Referring back to operation D, the SET may subsequently transmit a SUPLPOS INIT message to the D/H-SLP to start a positioning session with theD/H-SLP. The SET may transmit a SUPL POS INIT message even if the SETdoes not support an intended positioning method indicated in the SUPLINIT message in operation B, for example. The SUPL POS INIT message maycontain a Location ID (location Id and not to be confused with aLocation URI or Location Identifier) containing, for example, theidentities of and measurements for nearby base stations, SETcapabilities (sETCapabilities), and/or a hash (ver) of the received SUPLINIT message calculated in operation C in an example implementation. TheSUPL POS INIT message may also include a SUPL POS message carryingLPP/LPP extensions (LPPe) and/or TIA-801 positioning protocol messagesin line with the D/H-SLP's positioning protocol capabilities (e.g., asindicated in operation B in sLPCapabilities). The SET may also provideits position, if this is supported (as part of LPP/LPPe/TIA-801 orexplicitly through an optional position parameter). If a positionretrieved in—or calculated based on information received in—the SUPL POSINIT message is available that meets a required QoP, the D/H-SLP maydirectly proceed to operation F and avoid engaging in a SUPL POSsession.

At operation E, the SET and the D/H-SLP may engage in a SUPL POS messageexchange to calculate a position of the SET. Positioning methods usedfor this session may be determined based at least in part oncapabilities exchanged by the SET and the D/H-SLP during a SUPL POSmessage exchange or optionally in operation D. The D/H-SLP may calculatea location or position estimate based at least in part on receivedpositioning measurements (e.g., SET-Assisted) or a SET may calculate itslocation or position estimate based at least in part on assistanceobtained from the D/H-SLP (e.g., SET-Based).

At operation F, after a position calculation has been completed, theD/H-SLP may transmit a SUPL END message to the SET indicating that theSUPL location session has ended. The SET may release any TLS connectionto the D/H-SLP and release all resources related to this session atleast partially in response to receiving the SUPL END message.

At operation G, the D/H-SLP may transmit a location or positioningestimate (e.g., posresult) to the SUPL Agent via a Location Responsemessage and the D/H-SLP may release all resources related to thissession.

FIG. 5 is a message flow diagram chart 500 illustrating example messageflows relating to a SET-initiated location URI request in accordancewith one particular implementation. At operation A, a SET (e.g., SET 115in FIG. 1) may receive a request for a location URI from a SUPL Agent(e.g., an application) executed by or otherwise running on the SET. Forexample, a SUPL Agent implemented by or running on the SET may desire orneed a location URI to transfer to a PSAP in a request (e.g., a SIPINVITE) for an emergency call or the SUPL Agent may desire or need alocation URI to transfer to some other trusted external client to enablelater location of the SET by the trusted external client—e.g., asexemplified in FIGS. 2A, 2B, 3A and 3B. A SET may undertake anappropriate action to establish a secure TLS connection to a D-SLP orH-SLP (hereafter referred to as a D/H-SLP) in the case of a normal SUPLAgent or to an E-SLP in the case of a SUPL Agent known to support onlyemergency services.

At operation B, the SET may utilize a default address provisioned by aHome Network for an H-SLP or an address provided or verified by theH-SLP or a Proxy D-SLP for a D-SLP or E-SLP to establish a secure TLSconnection to the D-SLP, E-SLP or H-SLP, hereafter referred to as theD/E/H-SLP, and may thereafter transmit a SUPL START message to start apositioning session with the D/E/H-SLP. The SUPL START message maycontain SET capabilities (e.g., sETCapabilities) and a location URIRequest (e.g., locationURIRequest parameter). For a request to an E-SLP,for example, the SUPL START message may also contain an EmergencyServices Indication (e.g., emergencyServicesIndication parameter). TheSET may include an identity of its serving access network(s) and itscurrent location or position estimate if either is available, forexample.

At operation C, the D/E/H-SLP may transmit a SUPL RESPONSE message tothe SET. The SUPL RESPONSE message may contain an intended positioningmethod (e.g., posMethod) and/or SLP Capabilities (e.g.,sLPCapabilities). In one particular implementation, a D/E/H-SLP mayavoid operations C, D and E and instead proceed to operation F if itdoes not need to obtain a location or position of the SET or verify anyposition provided in operation B.

At operation D, the SET may transmit a SUPL POS INIT message even if theSET does not support an intended positioning method indicated in theSUPL RESPONSE. The SUPL POS INIT message may contain the SET'scapabilities (e.g., sETCapabilities parameter) and optionally a SUPL POSmessage carrying LPP, LPP/LPPe and/or TIA-801 positioning protocolmessages compliant with the D/E/H-SLP's positioning protocolcapabilities (e.g., as indicated in operation C in parametersLPCapabilities). The SET may further provide its location or positionestimate, if supported (e.g., as part of an LPP/LPPe/TIA-801 positioningprotocol message or explicitly through an optional SUPL positionparameter). If a location or position retrieved in—or calculated basedat least in part on information received in—the SUPL POS INIT message isavailable that meets a required QoP, the D/E/H-SLP may directly proceedto operation F and avoid engaging in a SUPL POS session.

At operation E, the SET and the D/E/H-SLP may engage in a SUPL POSmessage exchange to calculate a location or position. Positioningmethods used for this session may be determined based at least in parton capabilities exchanged by the SET and the D/E/H-SLP during the SUPLPOS message exchange or optionally in operation D. The D/E/H-SLP maycalculate a position estimate based at least in part on receivedpositioning measurements (e.g., SET-Assisted) or the SET may calculatethe position estimate based at least in part on assistance obtained fromthe D/E/H-SLP (e.g., SET-Based).

At operation F, after a position calculation has completed, theD/E/H-SLP may transmit a SUPL END message to the SET to indicate thatthe SUPL location session has ended and may include a Location URI Set(e.g., locationURISet parameter) if the SET is authorized to receive theLocation URI Set. The locationURISet parameter may contain one or morelocation URIs and may contain the validity period during which thelocation URIs will remain valid. A location URI may identify a protocolto be used for dereferencing (e.g., as described for operation 220 inFIG. 2A and operation 325 in FIG. 3A), the D/E/H SLP and the SET. TheSET identification may comprise any pseudo-random sequence of charactersand may be stored in the D/E/H-SLP in association with the real identityof the SET. The D/E/H-SLP may further provide any location or positionestimate computed in operation E if operation E was performed. The SETmay provide the location URI or location URIs received in operation F tothe SUPL Agent and may release the TLS connection to the D/E/H-SLP andrelease all resources related to this SUPL session at least partially inresponse to receiving the SUPL END message. The D/E/H-SLP may alsorelease all resources related to this SUPL session upon transmitting theSUPL END message.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a SET 600 according to a particularimplementation. SET 600 may include a transceiver 606 to modulate an RFcarrier signal with baseband information, such as voice or data, onto anRF carrier, and demodulate a modulated RF carrier to obtain suchbaseband information. An antenna 610 may transmit a modulated RF carrierover a wireless communications link and receive a modulated RF carrierover a wireless communications link.

Baseband processor 608 may provide baseband information from CPU 602 totransceiver 606 for transmission over a wireless communications link.Here, CPU 602 may obtain such baseband information from an input devicewithin user interface 616. Baseband processor 608 may also be adapted toprovide baseband information from transceiver 606 to CPU 602 fortransmission through an output device within user interface 616.

SPS receiver (SPS Rx) 612 may receive and/or demodulate transmissionsfrom transmitters through SPS antenna 614, and provide demodulatedinformation to correlator 618. Correlator 618 may derive correlationfunctions from the information provided by receiver 612. For a givenpseudo noise (PN) code, for example, correlator 618 may produce acorrelation function defined over a range of code phases to set out acode phase search window, and over a range of Doppler frequencyhypotheses as illustrated above. As such, an individual correlation maybe performed in accordance with defined coherent and non-coherentintegration parameters.

Correlator 618 may also derive pilot-related correlation functions frominformation relating to pilot signals provided by transceiver 606. Thisinformation may be used by a subscriber station to acquire wirelesscommunications services.

Channel decoder 620 may decode channel symbols received from basebandprocessor 608 into underlying source bits. In one example where channelsymbols comprise convolutionally encoded symbols, channel decoder 620may comprise a Viterbi decoder. In a second example, where channelsymbols comprise serial or parallel concatenations of convolutionalcodes, channel decoder 620 may comprise a turbo decoder.

Memory 604 may store machine-readable instructions executable to performone or more of processes, examples, implementations, or examplesthereof, which have been described or suggested. CPU 602 may accessand/or execute such machine-readable instructions. Through execution ofmachine-readable instructions, CPU 602 may direct correlator 618 toanalyze SPS correlation functions provided by correlator 618, derivemeasurements from the peaks thereof, and/or determine whether anestimate of a location is sufficiently accurate. However, these aremerely examples of tasks that may be performed by a CPU in a particularaspect and claimed subject matter in not limited in these respects.

In a particular example, CPU 602 at a subscriber station may estimate alocation the subscriber station based, at least in part, on signalsreceived from SVs as illustrated above. CPU 602 may also be adapted todetermine a code search range for acquiring a second received signalbased, at least in part, on a code phase detected in first receivedsignals as illustrated above according to particular examples.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an H-SLP 700 according to oneparticular implementation. A D-SLP and/or an E-SLP may also be depictedby a schematic diagram similar to, or the same as, that shown in FIG. 7.As shown, H-SLP 700 may include a processor 705, a memory 710, and acommunication device 715. The memory 710 may store instructions, such asprogram code, that may be executable by processor 705. Communicationdevice 715 may include an antenna for communicating and/or receivingwireless transmissions. The communication device 715 may also include amodem or other device from receiving communications via a hard-wiredconnection to the H-SLP 700.

Reference throughout this specification to “one example”, “one feature”,“an example” or “one feature” means that a particular feature,structure, or characteristic described in connection with the featureand/or example is included in at least one feature and/or example ofclaimed subject matter. Thus, the appearances of the phrase “in oneexample”, “an example”, “in one feature” or “a feature” in variousplaces throughout this specification are not necessarily all referringto the same feature and/or example. Furthermore, the particularfeatures, structures, or characteristics may be combined in one or moreexamples and/or features.

Methodologies described herein may be implemented by various meansdepending upon applications according to particular features orexamples. For example, such methodologies may be implemented inhardware, firmware, software, discrete/fixed logic circuitry, anycombination thereof, and so forth. In a hardware or logic circuitryimplementation, for example, a processing unit may be implemented withinone or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digitalsignal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DSPDs),programmable logic devices (PLDs), field programmable gate arrays(FPGAs), processors, controllers, micro-controllers, microprocessors,electronic devices, other devices or units designed to perform thefunctions described herein, or combinations thereof, just to name a fewexamples.

For a firmware or software implementation, the methodologies may beimplemented with modules (e.g., procedures, functions, etc.) havinginstructions that perform the functions described herein. Any machinereadable medium tangibly embodying instructions may be used inimplementing the methodologies described herein. For example, softwarecodes may be stored in a memory and executed by a processor. Memory maybe implemented within the processor or external to the processor. Asused herein the term “memory” refers to any type of long term, shortterm, volatile, nonvolatile, or other memory and is not to be limited toany particular type of memory or number of memories, or type of mediaupon which memory is stored. In at least some implementations, one ormore portions of the herein described storage media may store signalsrepresentative of data or information as expressed by a particular stateof the storage media. For example, an electronic signal representativeof data or information may be “stored” in a portion of the storage media(e.g., memory) by affecting or changing the state of such portions ofthe storage media to represent data or information as binary information(e.g., ones and zeros). As such, in a particular implementation, such achange of state of the portion of the storage media to store a signalrepresentative of data or information constitutes a transformation ofstorage media to a different state or thing.

As was indicated, in one or more example implementations, the functionsdescribed may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware,discrete/fixed logic circuitry, some combination thereof, and so forth.If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on a physicalcomputer-readable medium as one or more instructions or code.Computer-readable media include physical computer storage media. Astorage medium may be any available physical medium that can be accessedby a computer. By way of example, and not limitation, suchcomputer-readable media can comprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or otheroptical disc storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storagedevices, or any other medium that can be used to store desired programcode in the form of instructions or data structures and that can beaccessed by a computer or processor thereof. Disk and disc, as usedherein, includes compact disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, digitalversatile disc (DVD), floppy disk and blue-ray disc where disks usuallyreproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically withlasers.

As discussed above, a mobile device may be capable of communicating withone or more other devices via wireless transmission or receipt ofinformation over various communications networks using one or morewireless communication techniques. Here, for example, wirelesscommunication techniques may be implemented using a wireless wide areanetwork (WWAN), a wireless local area network (WLAN), a wirelesspersonal area network (WPAN), or the like. The term “network” and“system” may be used interchangeably herein. A WWAN may be a CodeDivision Multiple Access (CDMA) network, a Time Division Multiple Access(TDMA) network, a Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) network, anOrthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) network, aSingle-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) network, aLong Term Evolution (LTE) network, a WiMAX (IEEE 802.16) network, and soon. A CDMA network may implement one or more radio access technologies(RATs) such as cdma2000, Wideband-CDMA (W-CDMA), Time DivisionSynchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA), to name just a fewradio technologies. Here, cdma2000 may include technologies implementedaccording to IS-95, IS-2000, and IS-856 standards. A TDMA network mayimplement Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), DigitalAdvanced Mobile Phone System (D-AMPS), or some other RAT. GSM and W-CDMAare described in documents from a consortium named “3rdGenerationPartnership Project” (3GPP). Cdma2000 is described in documents from aconsortium named “3rd Generation Partnership Project 2” (3GPP2). 3GPPand 3GPP2 documents are publicly available. A WLAN may include an IEEE802.11x network, and a WPAN may include a Bluetooth network, an IEEE802.15x, or some other type of network, for example. The techniques mayalso be implemented in conjunction with any combination of WWAN, WLAN,or WPAN. Wireless communication networks may include so-called nextgeneration technologies (e.g., “4G”), such as, for example, Long TermEvolution (LTE), Advanced LTE, WiMAX, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), orthe like.

In one particular implementation, a mobile device may, for example, becapable of communicating with one or more femtocells facilitating orsupporting communications with the mobile device for the purpose ofestimating its location, orientation, velocity, acceleration, or thelike. As used herein, “femtocell” may refer to one or more smaller-sizecellular base stations that may be enabled to connect to a serviceprovider's network, for example, via broadband, such as, for example, aDigital Subscriber Line (DSL) or cable. Typically, although notnecessarily, a femtocell may utilize or otherwise be compatible withvarious types of communication technology such as, for example,Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UTMS), Long Term Evolution(LTE), Evolution-Data Optimized or Evolution-Data only (EV-DO), GSM,Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), Code divisionmultiple access (CDMA)-2000, or Time Division Synchronous Code DivisionMultiple Access (TD-SCDMA), to name just a few examples among manypossible. In certain implementations, a femtocell may compriseintegrated WiFi, for example. However, such details relating tofemtocells are merely examples, and claimed subject matter is not solimited.

Also, computer-readable code or instructions may be transmitted viasignals over physical transmission media from a transmitter to areceiver (e.g., via electrical digital signals). For example, softwaremay be transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source usinga coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriberline (DSL), or physical components of wireless technologies such asinfrared, radio, and microwave. Combinations of the above may also beincluded within the scope of physical transmission media. Such computerinstructions or data may be transmitted in portions (e.g., first andsecond portions) at different times (e.g., at first and second times).Some portions of this Detailed Description are presented in terms ofalgorithms or symbolic representations of operations on binary digitalsignals stored within a memory of a specific apparatus or specialpurpose computing device or platform. In the context of this particularSpecification, the term specific apparatus or the like includes ageneral purpose computer once it is programmed to perform particularfunctions pursuant to instructions from program software. Algorithmicdescriptions or symbolic representations are examples of techniques usedby those of ordinary skill in the signal processing or related arts toconvey the substance of their work to others skilled in the art. Analgorithm is here, and generally, considered to be a self-consistentsequence of operations or similar signal processing leading to a desiredresult. In this context, operations or processing involve physicalmanipulation of physical quantities. Typically, although notnecessarily, such quantities may take the form of electrical or magneticsignals capable of being stored, transferred, combined, compared, orotherwise manipulated.

It has proven convenient at times, principally for reasons of commonusage, to refer to such signals as bits, information, values, elements,symbols, characters, variables, terms, numbers, numerals, or the like.It should be understood, however, that all of these or similar terms areto be associated with appropriate physical quantities and are merelyconvenient labels. Unless specifically stated otherwise, as is apparentfrom the discussion above, it is appreciated that throughout thisSpecification discussions utilizing terms such as “processing,”“computing,” “calculating,” “determining,” “ascertaining,”“identifying,” “associating,” “measuring,” “performing,” or the likerefer to actions or processes of a specific apparatus, such as a specialpurpose computer or a similar special purpose electronic computingapparatus or device. In the context of this Specification, therefore, aspecial purpose computer or a similar special purpose electroniccomputing device or apparatus is capable of manipulating or transformingsignals, typically represented as physical electronic, electrical, ormagnetic quantities within memories, registers, or other informationstorage devices, transmission devices, or display devices of the specialpurpose computer or similar special purpose electronic computing deviceor apparatus.

Terms, “and” and “or” as used herein, may include a variety of meaningsthat also is expected to depend at least in part upon the context inwhich such terms are used. Typically, “or” if used to associate a list,such as A, B, or C, is intended to mean A, B, and C, here used in theinclusive sense, as well as A, B, or C, here used in the exclusivesense. In addition, the term “one or more” as used herein may be used todescribe any feature, structure, or characteristic in the singular ormay be used to describe some combination of features, structures orcharacteristics. Though, it should be noted that this is merely anillustrative example and claimed subject matter is not limited to thisexample.

While certain example techniques have been described and shown hereinusing various methods or systems, it should be understood by thoseskilled in the art that various other modifications may be made, andequivalents may be substituted, without departing from claimed subjectmatter. Additionally, many modifications may be made to adapt aparticular situation to the teachings of claimed subject matter withoutdeparting from the central concept described herein. Therefore, it isintended that claimed subject matter not be limited to particularexamples disclosed, but that such claimed subject matter may alsoinclude all implementations falling within the scope of the appendedclaims, and equivalents thereof.

1. A method, at a mobile station, for locating the mobile stationcomprising: receiving a location identifier from a location server;transmitting the location identifier to one or more trusted entities;receiving a request for a location estimate of the mobile station fromthe location server, the request comprising the location identifierreceived from the location server; and selectively authorizing therequest for the location estimate based at least in part on the locationidentifier.
 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising selectivelyinhibiting the request for the location estimate at least partially inresponse to the request containing an incorrect location identifier thatis different from the location identifier transmitted from the locationserver to the mobile station.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein thelocation identifier is provisioned at the location server.
 4. The methodof claim 1, wherein the location identifier comprises a locationUniversal Resource Identifier (URI).
 5. The method of claim 1, whereinat least one of the one or more trusted entities comprises a Secure UserPlane Location (SUPL) agent.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein themobile station comprises a Secure User Plane Location (SUPL) EnabledTerminal (SET) and the location server comprises a SUPL LocationPlatform (SLP).
 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the SLP comprises aHome SUPL Location Platform (H-SLP).
 8. The method of claim 6, whereinthe SLP comprises a Discovered SUPL Location Platform (D-SLP).
 9. Themethod of claim 8, wherein at least one of the one or more trustedentities comprises a Home SUPL Location Platform (H-SLP).
 10. The methodof claim 1, wherein the trusted entity comprises a Public SafetyAnswering Point (PSAP).
 11. The method of claim 1, further comprisingtransmitting a request from the mobile station to the location server torequest the location identifier.
 12. The method of claim 1, wherein thelocation identifier is received from the location server via a SecureUser Plane Location (SUPL) session.
 13. A mobile station, comprising: atransmitter capable of transmitting messages to one or more trustedentities, the messages comprising a location identifier for the mobilestation received from a location server; a receiver capable of receivingmessages from the location server comprising a request for a locationestimate of the mobile station, wherein the request comprises thelocation identifier; and a processor to selectively authorize therequest for the location estimate based at least in part on the locationidentifier.
 14. The mobile station of claim 13, wherein the processor isfurther capable of selectively inhibiting the request for the locationestimate at least partially in response to the request containing anincorrect location identifier that is different from the locationidentifier transmitted from the location server to the mobile station.15. The mobile station of claim 13, wherein the location identifier isprovisioned at the location server.
 16. The mobile station of claim 13,wherein the location identifier comprises a location Universal ResourceIdentifier (URI).
 17. The mobile station of claim 13, wherein at leastone of the one or more trusted entities comprises a Secure User PlaneLocation (SUPL) agent.
 18. The mobile station of claim 13, wherein themobile station comprises a Secure User Plane Location (SUPL) EnabledTerminal (SET) and the location server comprises a SUPL LocationPlatform (SLP).
 19. The mobile station of claim 18, wherein the SLPcomprises a Home SUPL Location Platform (H-SLP).
 20. The mobile stationof claim 18, wherein the SLP comprises a Discovered SUPL LocationPlatform (D-SLP).
 21. The mobile station of claim 20, wherein at leastone of the one or more trusted entities comprises a Home SUPL LocationPlatform (H-SLP).
 22. The mobile station of claim 13, wherein thetrusted entity comprises a Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP).
 23. Themobile station of claim 13, wherein the transmitter is further capableof transmitting the messages to the location server comprising a requestfor the location identifier.
 24. The mobile station of claim 13, whereinthe location identifier is received by the transmitter via the messagesreceived from the location server via a Secure User Plane Location(SUPL) session.
 25. A mobile station, comprising: means for receiving alocation identifier from a location server; means for transmitting thelocation identifier to one or more trusted entities; means for receivinga request for a location estimate of the mobile station from thelocation server, the request comprising the location identifier receivedfrom the location server; and means for selectively authorizing therequest for the location estimate based at least in part on the locationidentifier.
 26. The mobile station of claim 25, further comprising meansfor selectively inhibiting the request for the location estimate atleast partially in response to the request containing an incorrectlocation identifier that is different from the location identifiertransmitted from the location server to the mobile station.
 27. Themobile station of claim 25, wherein the location identifier comprises alocation Universal Resource Identifier (URI).
 28. The mobile station ofclaim 25, wherein the mobile station comprises a Secure User PlaneLocation (SUPL) Enabled Terminal (SET) and the location server comprisesa SUPL Location Platform (SLP).
 29. The mobile station of claim 25,wherein the means for transmitting is further capable of transmitting arequest from the mobile station to the location server to request thelocation identifier.
 30. The mobile station of claim 25, wherein themeans for receiving is capable of receiving the location identifier fromthe location server via a Secure User Plane Location (SUPL) session. 31.An article comprising: a non-transitory storage medium havingmachine-readable instructions stored thereon which are executable by aspecial purpose computing apparatus to: process a location identifierreceived from a location server; initiate transmission of the locationidentifier to one or more trusted entities; process a received requestfor a location estimate of a mobile station from the location server,the request comprising the location identifier received from thelocation server; and selectively authorize the request for the locationestimate based at least in part on the location identifier.
 32. Thearticle of claim 31, wherein the instructions are further executable bythe special purpose computing apparatus to selectively inhibit therequest for the location estimate at least partially in response to therequest containing an incorrect location identifier that is differentfrom the location identifier transmitted from the location server to themobile station.
 33. The article of claim 31, wherein the locationidentifier is provisioned at the location server.
 34. The article ofclaim 31, wherein the location identifier comprises a location UniversalResource Identifier (URI).
 35. The article of claim 31, wherein at leastone of the one or more trusted entities comprises a Secure User PlaneLocation (SUPL) agent.
 36. The article of claim 31, wherein the mobilestation comprises a Secure User Plane Location (SUPL) Enabled Terminal(SET) and the location server comprises a SUPL Location Platform (SLP).37. The article of claim 36, wherein the SLP comprises a Home SUPLLocation Platform (H-SLP).
 38. The article of claim 36, wherein the SLPcomprises a Discovered SUPL Location Platform (D-SLP).
 39. The articleof claim 38, wherein at least one of the one or more trusted entitiescomprises a Home SUPL Location Platform (H-SLP).
 40. The article ofclaim 31, wherein the trusted entity comprises a Public Safety AnsweringPoint (PSAP).
 41. The article of claim 31, wherein the instructions arefurther executable by the special purpose computing apparatus toinitiate transmission of a request from the mobile station to thelocation server to request the location identifier.
 42. The article ofclaim 31, wherein the location identifier is capable of being receivedfrom the location server via a Secure User Plane Location (SUPL)session. transmitting the location identifier to one or more trustedentities; receiving a request for a location estimate of the mobilestation from the location server, the request comprising the locationidentifier received from the location server; and selectivelyauthorizing the request for the location estimate based at least in parton the location identifier.
 43. A method, at a location server,comprising: transmitting a location identifier for a mobile station tothe mobile station; receiving a request for a location estimate of themobile station from an external entity, the request comprising thelocation identifier; and selectively authorizing the request for thelocation estimate based at least in part on the location identifier. 44.The method of claim 43, further comprising selectively inhibiting therequest for the location estimate at least partially in response to therequest containing an incorrect location identifier that is differentfrom the location identifier transmitted from the location server to themobile station.
 45. The method of claim 43, further comprisingtransmitting a request for a location estimate to the mobile station,wherein the request comprises the location identifier; obtaining thelocation of the mobile station from measurements or a location estimatereceived from the mobile station; and transmitting the location of themobile station from the location server to the external entity.
 46. Themethod of claim 45, wherein the external entity comprises a Secure UserPlane Location (SUPL) agent.
 47. The method of claim 45, wherein theexternal entity comprises a Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP). 48.The method of claim 43, wherein the location server comprises a SUPLLocation Platform (SLP).
 49. The method of claim 43, wherein thelocation identifier comprises a location Universal Resource Identifier(URI).
 50. The method of claim 43, further comprising provisioning thelocation identifier at the location server.
 51. A location server,comprising: a transmitter capable of transmitting one or more messagescomprising a location identifier for a mobile station to the mobilestation; a receiver capable of receiving one or more messages from anexternal entity comprising a request for a location estimate of themobile station, the request comprising the location identifier; and acomputing platform capable of selectively authorizing the request forthe location estimate based at least in part on the location identifier.52. The location server of claim 51, wherein the computing platform isfurther capable of selectively inhibiting the request for the locationestimate at least partially in response to the request containing anincorrect location identifier that is different from the locationidentifier transmitted from the location server to the mobile station.53. The location server of claim 51, wherein the transmitter is furthercapable of: transmitting a request for a location estimate to the mobilestation, wherein the request comprises the location identifier; and thetransmitter is further capable of transmitting the messages comprisingthe location of the mobile station to the external entity.
 54. Thelocation server of claim 53, wherein the external entity comprises aSecure User Plane Location (SUPL) agent.
 55. The location server ofclaim 53, wherein the external entity comprises a Public SafetyAnswering Point (PSAP).
 56. The location server of claim 51, wherein thelocation server comprises a SUPL Location Platform (SLP).
 57. Thelocation server of claim 51, wherein the location identifier comprises alocation Universal Resource Identifier (URI).
 58. The location server ofclaim 51, wherein the computing platform is capable of provisioning thelocation identifier at the location server.
 59. The location server ofclaim 51, wherein the receiver is further capable of receiving messagesfrom the mobile station comprising measurements or a location estimate.60. The location server of claim 59, wherein the computing platform isfurther capable of obtaining the location of the mobile station from themeasurements or location estimate.
 61. A location server, comprising:means for transmitting one or more messages comprising a locationidentifier for a mobile station to the mobile station; means forreceiving one or more messages from an external entity comprising arequest for a location estimate of the mobile station, the requestcomprising the location identifier; and means for selectivelyauthorizing the request for the location estimate based at least in parton the location identifier.
 62. The location server of claim 61, furthercomprising means for selectively inhibiting the request for the locationestimate at least partially in response to the request containing anincorrect location identifier that is different from the locationidentifier transmitted from the location server to the mobile station.63. The location server of claim 61, wherein the means for transmittingis further capable of: transmitting a request for a location estimate tothe mobile station, wherein the request comprises the locationidentifier; and transmitting the one or more messages comprising thelocation of the mobile station to the external entity.
 64. The locationserver of claim 63, wherein the trusted entity comprises a Secure UserPlane Location (SUPL) agent.
 65. The location server of claim 63,wherein the trusted entity comprises a Public Safety Answering Point(PSAP).
 66. The location server of claim 61, wherein the location servercomprises a SUPL Location Platform (SLP).
 67. The location server ofclaim 61, wherein the location identifier comprises a location UniversalResource Identifier (URI).
 68. The location server of claim 61, furthercomprising means for provisioning the location identifier at thelocation server.
 69. The location server of claim 61, wherein the meansfor receiving is further capable of receiving messages from the mobilestation comprising measurements or a location estimate.
 70. The locationserver of claim 61, wherein the means for selectively authorizing isfurther capable of obtaining the location of the mobile station from themeasurements or location estimate.
 71. An article comprising: anon-transitory storage medium having machine-readable instructionsstored thereon which are executable by a special purpose computingapparatus to: initiate transmission of a location identifier for amobile station from a location server to the mobile station; process arequest for a location estimate of the mobile station received from thelocation server, the request comprising the location identifier; andselectively authorize the request for the location estimate based atleast in part on the location identifier.
 72. The article of claim 71,wherein the instructions are further executable by the special purposecomputing apparatus to selectively inhibit the request for the locationestimate at least partially in response to the request containing anincorrect location identifier that is different from the locationidentifier transmitted from the location server to the mobile station.73. The article of claim 71, wherein the instructions are furtherexecutable by the special purpose computing apparatus to initiatetransmission of the location of the mobile station from the locationserver to a trusted entity.
 74. The article of claim 71, wherein thelocation server comprises a SUPL Location Platform (SLP).
 75. Thearticle of claim 71, wherein the location identifier comprises alocation Universal Resource Identifier (URI).
 76. The article of claim71, further comprising provisioning the location identifier at thelocation server.